Data management or data engineering is the systematic approach to acquiring, cleaning, and securing raw data for accessibility to users and applications. It also includes manipulating, transforming, validating, moving, and storing the data to get it to its final state. Data management professionals manipulate data through various technologies such as core operating system commands, shell scripting, and multiple coding languages as well as various data modeling and transformation tools. Given the complexity of data, these professionals must understand various data types, stores, and structures such as: structured data, non-structured data, relational databases, object-oriented databases, SQL databases, NonSQL databases, flat files, hierarchical data structures, etc.